清代学海堂崛起的组织视角分析

Discussion on the Rise of Xuehai Academy in the Qing Dynasty from the Organizational Perspective

学海堂在清中期崛起，成为清代广东书院发展的重要里程碑。学海堂具有组织目标、结构、制度，并且和外界环境密切关联，具有进行组织分析的可能性。从组织视角来探讨，其崛起的影响因素中，组织环境是学海堂崛起的外部驱动力；“不课举业，专勉实学”的组织目标、“八学长制”的组织结构及“季课制”和“专课肄业生制”的组织制度，这三大要素的协调创新是其崛起的内在原因。学海堂变革的实质就是组织的变革。

The rise of Xuehai Academy in the middle of the Qing Dynasty became an important milestone in the development of Guangdong academies. This paper tries to explore the influential factors causing this rise from an organizational perspective. The conclusion is drawn that the organizational environment is the external driving force for the rise of Xuehai Academy. In terms of the internal elements of the organization,the coordination of its goal,structure,and system are the underlying cause of its rise. The reform of Xuehai Academy is essentially the evolution of organization.