13省市在职海员职业倦怠现状调查

Current status of job burnout in in-service sailors from 13 provinces and cities in China

目的 调查在职海员职业倦怠现状,为海员职业倦怠干预措施的制定提供依据.方法 于2015年9月至2016年5月,在我国13省市采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取在职海员6 172人作为研究对象,收集其年龄、学历、户籍等一般人口学资料和所从事职务、工作航区、劳务性质等职业特征,运用Maslach倦怠量表的通用版（MBI-GS）测定其情绪衰竭、玩世不恭、低职业效能和职业倦怠的水平,并分析职业倦怠的影响因素.结果 6 172名在职海员中112人（1.8％）在情绪衰竭维度检出阳性,870人（14.1％）在玩世不恭维度检出阳性,3 517人（57.0％）在低职业效能维度检出阳性;在职海员产生职业倦怠的比例为63.3％,其中轻度倦怠占54.1％,中度倦怠占8.7％,重度倦怠占0.5％;不同年龄、学历、户籍、职务、工作航区、劳务性质海员的职业倦怠得分差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;在职海员职业倦怠的主要影响因素是年龄、学历、户籍、职务、工作航区、劳务性质（P＜0.05）,其中30～39岁、大专以上学历、城镇户籍、二副/二管轮职务、沿海航线、自由用工海员的职业倦怠水平较高.结论 在职海员的职业倦怠发生率较高,尤其是低年龄、城镇户籍、沿海航线、自由用工海员的职业效能感低,应采取积极措施进行干预.

Objective To investigate the current status of job burnout in in-service sailors,and to provide a basis for the development of intervention measures for job burnout in sailors.Methods From September 2015 to May 2016,stratified cluster random sampling was used to select 6 172 in-service sailors from 13 provinces and cities as research subjects.General demographic data including age,education background,and household registration and occupational characteristics such as job position,navigating zone,and nature of employment were collected.The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey （MBI-GS） was used to measure the levels of emotional exhaustion,depersonalization,low occupational efficiency,and job burnout,and the influencing factors for job burnout were also analyzed.Results Of all 6 172 in-service sailors,112 （1.8%） had a positive result in emotional exhaustion,870（14.1%） had a positive result in depersonalization,and 3 517（57.0%） had a positive result in low occupational efficiency.Of all sailors,63.3% had job burnout,among whom 54.1% had mild burnout,8.7% had moderate burnout,and 0.5% had severe burnout.There was a significant difference in the score of job burnout between the sailors with different ages,education backgrounds,types of household registration,job positions,navigating zones,omature of employment （P〈0.05）.Age,education background,household registration,job position,navigating zone,and nature of employment were major influencing factors for job burnout in in-service sailors （P〈0.05）,and there was a higher level of job burnout in the sailors with an age of 30-39 years,education background of junior college or above,urban registration,a job position of second mate/third engineer,a navigating zone of coastal lines,orthe nature of employment of freelance sailor.Conclusion There is a high incidence rate of job burnout among in-service sailors,and the sailors with a young age,urban registration,a navigating zone of coastal lines,or thenature of employment of freelance sailor tend to have low occupational efficiency.Related measures should be adopted for active intervention.