工作特征和组织行为对工作场所暴力的影响

Analysis of the impact of job characteristics and organizational support for workplace violence

目的 分析工作特征和组织行为对工作场所暴力的影响,探索其影响路径和理论模型,为减少工作场所暴力提供理论依据.方法 于2014年2至10月,利用自制问卷,采用分层随机抽样的方法对重庆市813名医务人员、列车员和公交车驾驶员的工作特征、组织行为、工作场所暴力和单位忠诚度等情况进行调查,用Amos 21.0对各因素进行路径分析,建立工作场所暴力理论模型.结果 工作特征和组织行为对工作场所暴力的OR值分别6.033和0.669,路径系数分别为0.41和-0.14,均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.工作场所暴力可通过暴力恐惧、躯体健康等中介变量影响单位忠诚度,其总的路径系数为-0.09.模型的各拟合指标：x2=67.835,卡方自由度比（x2/df）=5.112,拟合指数（GFI）=0.970,调整拟合指数（AGFI） =0.945,规范吻合指数（NFI）=0.923,近似误差的均方根（RMSEA）=0.071,拟合程度综合指标（Fmin）=0.092,模型拟合效果理想.结论 工作特征是工作场所暴力的危险因素,组织行为是工作场所暴力的保护因素.改变工作特征或提高组织应对工作场所暴力的积极性,有利于减少工作场所暴力并提高员工对单位的忠诚度.

Objective To analyze the effect of job characteristics and organizational support for workplace violence,explore the influence path and the theoretical model,and provide a theoretical basis for reducing workplace violence.Methods Stratified random sampling was used to select 813 medical staff,conductors and bus drivers in Chongqing with a self-made questionnaire to investigate job characteristics,organization attitude toward workplace violence,workplace violence,fear of violence,workplace violence,etc from February to October,2014.Amos 21.0 was used to analyze the path and to establish a theoretical model of workplace violence.Results The odds ratio of work characteristics and organizational attitude to workplace violence were 6.033 and 0.669,respectively,and the path coefficients were 0.41 and-0.14,respectively （P〈0.05）.The Fitting indexes of the model：Chi-square （x2）=67.835,The ratio of the chi-square to the degree of freedom （x2/df）=5.112,Good-of-fit index （GFI） =0.970,Adjusted good-of-fit index （AGFI） =0.945,Normed fit index （NFI） =0.923,Root mean square error of approximation （RMSEA） =0.071,Fit criterion （Fmin） =0.092,so the model fit well with the data.Conclusion The job characteristic is a risk factor for workplace violence while organizational attitude is a protective factor for workplace violence,so changing the job characteristics and improving the enthusiasm of the organization to deal with workplace violence are conducive to reduce workplace violence and increase loyalty to the unit.