兰州市南北两山面山植物群落多样性及配置模式初探

Preliminary Study on the Diversity and Arrangement Patterns of Plant Communities at Afforestation Region in Southern and Northern Mountains of Lanzhou City

掌握兰州市南北两山面山植物群落结构、优势种组成、物种多样性特征,探究适合在兰州市南北两山面山特定立地条件下生长的植物,为南北两山植被恢复与重建提供理论依据。选择兰州市4区(城关区、七里河区、安宁区、西固区)南北两山面山为调查区域,采用典型样地调查的方法对南北两山面山植物的植物群落结构、优势种组成、物种多样性特征等进行调查研究。兰州市近郊4区面山共有植物121种,分属42科91属,其中乔木14种,灌木48种,草本59种,优势科为禾本科、菊科、豆科、蔷薇科,所属的植物种占调查范围内所有种的10.74%、9.10%、9.90%、7.44%。刺槐、侧柏、柽柳、锦鸡儿、长芒草、束伞亚菊、冰草、中华隐子草、骆驼蓬、刺蓬、银灰旋花、狗尾草、猪毛菜在4区中均出现,并且重要值均较高,说明其对生境的适应性也较强;草本层的植物多样性均大于乔灌层,Margalef丰富度指数城关区最大,Simpson多样性指数安宁区最大,Pielou均匀度西固区最大,优势度七里河区最大。

In order to study the plant community structure, dominant species composition and species diversity characteristics of southern and northern mountains in Lanzhou City and explore the suitable growth plants under the conditions of the north and south mountains in Lanzhou City, which provided the theoretical basis for vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the north and south mountains. Take the four districts of Lanzhou City（Chengguan District, Qilihe District, Anning District, Xigu District） as investigated district to study plant community structure, dominant species and species diversity at afforestation region in southern and northern mountains of Lanzhou City. The results showed that： the plant species in studied areas include 121 species which can be divided into 42 families, 91 genera. Including 14 species of trees, 48 kinds of shrubs, 59 kinds of herbs; the majority plant distributied in Gramineae, Asteraceae, Leguminosae and Rosaceae accounting for 10.74% 、9.10% 、9.90% 、7.44% . In the 4 main region of Lanzhou area, Robinia pseudoacacia, Platycladus orientalis, Tamarix chinensis, Caragana sinica, Stipa bungeana, Ajania parviflora, Agropyron cristatum, Cleistogenes chinensis, Peganum harmala var. multisecta, Salsola ruthenica, Convolvulus ammannii, Setaria italica, Salsola collina distributed widely and could adapt to the environment. The vegetation types in the survey area can be divided into six types, two kinds of natural vegetation types and four kinds of artificial vegetation types. From the perspective of plant diversity, herbaceous layertree and shrub layers; From the perspective of Margalef richness index, Simpson diversity index, Pielou Evenness and dominance, the best plant community is Chengguan District, Anning District, Xigu District and Qilihe Districtis.