广西主要食品中砷污染及居民膳食暴露风险评估

Risk assessment on the dietary exposure of arsenic in Guangxi residents

目的掌握广西主要食品中砷污染的水平,评估居民膳食无机砷暴露量及其潜在健康风险。方法利用2010-2015年广西主要食品中总砷及无机砷含量数据和食物消费量数据,采用简单分布评估的方法 ,计算广西居民膳食中无机砷暴露水平及其分布情况,并利用暴露限值(MOE)法评估其潜在健康风险。结果 16 567份食品样品中,总砷检出率为42.71%(4 735/11 087),无机砷检出率为48.07%(2 634/5 480)。总砷平均含量以海洋甲壳类最高,其次是海水鱼类和软体动物;检测无机砷食品样品中,平均含量为0.018~0.072 mg/kg,其中以大米无机砷平均含量最高。除大米、新鲜水果、蛋及其制品、畜禽内脏直接采用其检测的无机砷结果外,其他食品均通过总砷转换到无机砷而进行暴露评估。一般人群和高消费量人群膳食中无机砷的平均每天暴露量MOE值均>1,但18~34岁男性组高消费量人群每天无机砷暴露量的MOE值≤1。大米的贡献率远高于其他食物,是居民膳食中无机砷的主要来源。结论广西居民膳食中无机砷暴露风险总体上是安全的,而对于18~34岁男性组高暴露量人群可能存在一定的健康风险,大米是广西居民的主要食品,大米的安全问题需加以关注。

Objective To analyze the arsenic level in main food,and assess the risk of dietary inorganic arsenic exposure of residents in Guangxi. Methods Based on the concentration data of arsenic in 2010-2015 and food consumption data from Guangxi,the dietary exposure of arsenic was estimated by simple distribution model. The margin of exposure（ MOE）method was adopted to assess the potential health risks of dietary inorganic arsenic exposure. Results 16 567 samples were analyzed,and the total arsenic detection rate was 42. 71 %（ 4 735/11 087）,the inorganic arsenic detection rate was48. 07 %（ 2 634/5 480）. The average concentration of total arsenic in marine shellfish was the highest,followed by marine fish and mollush. The average concentration of inorganic arsenic was 0. 018-0. 072 mg/kg,and was the highest in rice.Rice,fresh fruits,eggs,animal offal and its products were calculated directly with the inorganic arsenic detection result.Other foods were calculated with the total arsenic detection result of which were converted to inorganic arsenic. The MOE of mean dietary inorganic arsenic exposure was above 1. However,the MOE values were less than or equal to 1 in the high consumption（ P95） of the 18-34 years male group. The main sources of dietary inorganic arsenic was rice, whose contribution rate was much higher than the other food. Conclusion The level of dietary inorganic arsenic exposure in Guangxi residents is safe. However,there might be some potential health risks to the high exposure residents of the 18-34 years male group. Rice was the main food of Guangxi residents,which need further consideration.