规划环评中的生态空间识别与生态影响评价探索——以长春新区发展规划为例

Exploration of Ecological Space Identification and Ecological Impact Assessment in Planning Environmental Impact Assessment——A Case Study of Changchun New District Development Planning

强化空间管理是规划环境影响评价优化空间开发、促进"多规合一"的新要求。同时,探索生态空间管控体系是国土空间规划的重点任务之一。本文以长春新区发展规划为例,提出前端空间引导、后端影响调控的生态空间管理体系。前端通过生态系统评价和生态空间识别,提出生态保护红线划定建议方案,确定开发"底线"。后端通过InVEST生境质量评价技术,对生境退化度及生境质量进行空间评价,识别生境威胁源影响区域,提出优化空间布局的规划调控建议。研究表明:耕地是新区发生变化幅度最为显著的用地类型,纳入生态空间管控的用地约占16.2%。其中,15.8%的用地建议纳入生态保护红线进行管理。未来城市开发对生境有一定影响,整体生境质量平均值由0.401下降至0.328。

Strengthening space management is a new requirement for planning environmental impact assessment to optimize the spatial development and promote the multiple-plan integration. Meanwhile, exploring ecological space control system is one of the most important tasks of spatial planning. With the development planning of Changchun New area as an example, this paper puts forward the management system of ecological space, which is the space guidance on the front-end and effect regulation on the back-end. Proposed ecological redline delineated proposal to determine the development baseline through ecosystem assessment and ecological space identification on the front-end. Based on the evaluation of habitat degradation and habitat quality, the InVEST was used to evaluate the habitat impact source, and the control suggestions were put forward. Research suggested that the cultivated land is the most significant change rate of land use type, the land taken into ecological space accounts for 16.2%. Among them, 15.8% of the lands should be included in the ecological redline management. City development has a certain effect on the habitat, the average habitat quality decreased from 0.401 to 0.328.