杨梅疏果核仁苦杏仁苷提取物的生物活性研究

Studies on the Bioactivity of Amygdalin Extracted from Thinned Bayberry Kernels

为了研究杨梅疏果核仁苦杏仁苷提取物的生物活性,采用DPPH和ABTS抗氧化体系,考察其粗提物和精提物的抗氧化活性,并通过小鼠止咳祛痰试验研究提取物的止咳祛痰功效。研究发现杨梅疏果核仁提取物对DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基具有良好的清除效果,且提取物浓度与清除率表现出较好的相关性。分析并计算得到粗提物与精提物清除DPPH自由基的IC_(50)值分别为1 335 mg/L和261 mg/L,清除ABTS自由基的IC50值分别为1 447 mg/L和281 mg/L,杨梅疏果核仁苦杏仁苷精提物较粗提物表现出了更好的体外抗氧化活性。通过ICR小鼠止咳祛痰功能试验发现杨梅疏果核仁苦杏仁苷粗提物45,90,180 mg/kg各剂量均能不同程度地延长氨水引咳小鼠的咳嗽潜伏期,减少2 min内的咳嗽次数,其中90 mg/kg剂量组咳嗽潜伏期较对照组明显延长(P<0.05),表明其有较好的止咳功效。杨梅疏果核仁苦杏仁苷粗提物各剂量组以及苦杏仁苷标准品对小鼠气管酚红排泌量影响不显著,表明无明显祛痰作用。

In order to investigate the bioactivity of amygdalin extracted from thinned bayberry kernels（TBKs）, the antioxidant activity of amygdalin was studied by DPPH and ABTS antioxidant system, the antitussive and expectorant activity were studied through the antitussive and expectorant experiment in ICR mice. The results suggested that amygdalin possess good scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and the concentration of amygdalin showed a good correlation with the scavenging rate. The DPPH free radical scavenging activities of crude and purified extracts were 1 335 mg/L and 261 mg/L in IC50 value respectively, and the ABTS free radical scavenging activities was 1 447 mg/L and 281 mg/L, respectively. Furthermore, the purified extracts showed better antioxidant activity in vitro than crude extracts.Through the antitussive and expectorant experiment in mice, it was found that each dose of TBK crude extracts of 45,90, 180 mg/kg could extend the incubation period of cough of ammonia cough mice, and reduce the number of cough times within 2 minutes, and the 90 mg/kg dose group could significantly extend the incubation period, compared with the control group（P〈0.05）. Each dose group of the TBK crude extracts and the amygdalin standard had no significant effect on the phenol red excretion, which suggested that TBK possess no significant expectorant activity.