化学诱变在种质资源改良上的应用

Application of Chemical Mutagenesis in Improving Germplasm Resource

化学诱变能在短时间内获得有价值的突变体植株,由于化学诱变具有随机性,诱变后可获得丰富的种质遗传材料,解决了育种材料缺乏的问题。突变体的利用可加快改良原有种质资源和培育新种质资源,现已成为作物改良的有效手段之一。种质资源改良能够提高作物产量与质量、保障粮食安全具有极其重要的作用。本研究阐述了化学诱变的发展现状、特点和主要类型,以及常用化学诱变剂EMS、Na N3与PYM的诱变机理,并且探讨了近几年化学诱变在种质资源改良上的应用成果与前景,以期为化学诱变育种在作物种质资源改良中的应用提供理论依据。

People can obtain valuable mutant plants through chemical mutagenesis in a short time. Moreover, due to the randomness of chemical mutagenesis, it produces abundant germplasm genetic stocks after mutagenesis is rich in genetic stocks, which solves the problem of lacking the breeding materials. The utilization of mutants can accelerate the improvement of the original germplasm resources and the cultivation of new germplasm resources,which has become one of the effective methods for crop improvement. Germplasm improvement is extremely important to improve crops yield and quality and ensure food security. Here, we illustrate the current situation,characteristics and main types of chemical mutagenesis and the mutation mechanism of common use chemical mutagens EMS、Na N3 and PYM. In addition, the application achievement and prospect of chemical mutagenesis in the improvement of germplasm resources in recent years are also discussed, which hopefully provides a theoretical basis for the application of chemical mutation breeding in the improvement of crop germplasm resources.