天津地区冷季型绿化草坪初春杂草种群构成及优势度分析

Weed Community and Dominance Analysis in Cool-season Turfgrass in the Early Spring in Tianjin Region

于2015年和2016年4月初对天津地区9个不同区县23个不同草坪样点进行了北方冷季型绿化草坪杂草的发生调查。结果表明:本地区初春草坪杂草共有14科37种。其中,多年生杂草占45.9%,一年生杂草占54.1%,菊科杂草占43.2%,阔叶杂草占94.6%;用重要值和相对丰度两项指标进行杂草发生强度的量化分析,结果均表明:天津地区早春最常见和危害程度最大的八大杂草是苦荬菜(Ixeris polycephala Cass.)、附地菜(Trigonotis pedunclaris(Trev.)Benth.)、蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)、旋覆花(Inula japonica Thunb.)、泥胡菜(Hemistepta lyrata Bge)、打碗花(Calystegia hederacea Wall)、车前(Plantago asiatica L.)和独行菜(Lepidium apetalum Willd.),一年生和多年生杂草各4种,均为阔叶杂草。影响杂草发生因素的初步分析结果表明,草坪草种类、建植年限以及管理水平都对杂草的发生具有重要影响。

Surveys of northern China weed infestation were conducted in cool-season turfgrass at 23 different sites belonging to 9 different districts of Tianjin in the early spring of 2015 and 2016. Results indicated that the weed flora was constituted by 37 weed species belonging to 14 different families in turf of this region. When analyzing the data from the viewpoint of weeds＇ life history,it was found that the percentage of perennial weed was 45. 9 % and the annual was 54. 1 %,while from the viewpoint of weed systematic taxonomy,the percentage of Asteraceae weed was 43. 2 %. The percentage of broadleaved weed was 94. 6 %. The dominant weed belonged to broadleaved/Asteraceae family. Based on weed importance value and relative abundance,eight weed species,Ixeris polycephala Cass.,Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.,Inula japonica Thunb.,Hemistepta lyrata Bge.,Trigonotis pedunclaris（Trev.） Benth.,Calystegia hederacea Wall,Lepidium apetalum Willd. and Plantago asiatica L. were the most common and harmful weeds in this region in the early spring. Analysis of factors influencing weed infestation in the turfgrass showed that the turfgrass species,time after turfgrass establishment and the turfgrass management level all influenced the weed infestation.