“大证据学”的证明原理研究

Research on the proof principle of "general study of evidence"

证据学研究证据与证明问题。理论争议中的"大证据学"不仅适用于法证据学,而且适用于其他任何使用证据判定事实的学科领域。它的提出背景和理论基础主要包括证据法学的"跨学科"性质;社科法学的"入侵";国内证据理论研究的"贫困化"以及相对合理主义的"一以贯之"。"大证据学"的证明原理可以通过证明方法的结构主义原理进行阐释,最终在整体主义的证明路径和证明锁链中得到实现。这种"大证据学"的结构主义证明观是由证据的结构主义意蕴和事实认定的多元向度所决定的;表现为证明标准的结构主义认识和证据思维的结构主义表达。"大证据学"的整体主义证明观,根植于我国的大陆法系刑事司法传统;重点在于对刑事司法体系中的证据材料和证明技术的微观适用,强调的是对犯罪嫌疑人的定罪—量刑—程序的"三维一体"之立体观;价值在于构建了证据与证明关系的活力论。

Evidence science focuses on two major issues of evidence and proof. The ＂general study of evidence＂ covers not only the evidence science applied in law, but also other disciplines in which evidence is used to determine facts. The background and principles that justify the notion of ＂general study of evidence＂, include the ＂interdisciplinary nature＂ of evidence law, the ＂invasion＂ of social science, the ＂poverty＂ of domestic evidence theory research and the ＂continuance＂ of relative rationalism. The proof principle of ＂general study of evidence＂ is grounded on the structuralist principle of the proof method, and finally realized in the holism proof path and proof chain. Such proof theory of＂general study of evidence＂ is based on evidence＇s structuralism nature and pluralistic dimension of fact finding. Such proof theory is represented by the structuralist cognition of proof standard and the structuralist thinking of evidence. The ＂holistic proof＇ view of ＂general study of evidence＂ is rooted in our country＇s criminal justice judicial tradition inherited from continental law system. The importance of ＂general study of evidence＂ lies in guiding the micro application of evidence production and proof technology, the unification of conviction, sentencing and procedures in the ＂three dimensions integration＂ stereo model, and establishing the vital interaction between evidence production and proof.