夏目漱石的文明批判与老庄哲学

Natsume Soseki's Civilization Criticism and Taoism Philosophy

夏目漱石是日本近代影响深远的知识分子,他既是文学家,也是思想家。文明批判是夏目漱石文学和思想的主题之一。在日本文明开化急速推进的背景下,他对现代化进行了反思和批判。夏目漱石认为,现代化包含着内在矛盾,是"不自然"的,"自然"的现代化应当是"内发"的;现代化伴随着人类知性的滥用和异化,而只有"无我"的心灵转换能治疗这种病症;现实社会中追名逐利的现象与过度的知识智巧密切相关,它是对人的天性的背离。这些思想与老庄哲学尊崇自然、批判智巧、主张无己、超越名利和全性保真的思想一致。老庄哲学所具有的文明批判特质使其成为夏目漱石反思和批判近代文明的重要资源。

Natsume Soseki is an intellectual who has profound influence on Japan in modern times. He is not only a writer but also a thinker. Civilization criticism is one of the themes of his literature and thought. Under the background of rapid development of the Japanese civilization, he made a reflection and critique of modernization. Natsume thought that modernization includes the inherent contradiction, it＇s ＂unnatu ral＂, while ＂natural＂ modernization should be ＂inner-made＂; modernization is accompanied by the abuse of human understanding and alienation, only the mind conversion of ＂anatman＂ can treat this disease; See- king fame and gain is closely related to excessive intellectual ingenuity, it is the departure [rom the nature. These thoughts are consistent with Taoist philosophy such as respecting for nature, criticism of clever hess, advocate no himself, beyond fame and full of fidelity. The fundamental features of Taoism philoso phy of civilization criticism make it become an important resource for Natsume Soseki＇s reflection and crit icism of modern civilization.