近代日本语言同化观研究——以保科孝一为例

Study on View of Language Assimilation in Modern Japan——Case Study of Hoshina Koichi

保科孝一是近代日本语言政策的重要制定人与语言同化政策的主要鼓吹者,其语言政策观主要建立在上田万年的"国语"观基础上,以"同化"为核心,可分为两大维度:对内的标准化同化与对外的殖民化同化。通过研究可发现,日本近代语言同化观滥觞于语言纯粹主义,逐渐发展到语言民族主义,最终异化为语言帝国主义。其既是近代日本对东亚传统文明秩序的逆反与对中华文明的反噬,亦是对近代亚洲危机的过度反应。日本语言同化观的形成中还有对欧美列强尤其是德国经验教训等的模仿与借鉴,以及对军国主义政府的主动迎合。通过保科孝一的语言同化观,还可发现近代语言同化政策内部的多重矛盾,这些左右了近代日本语言同化政策的制定与推行,也决定了近代日本语言政策发展的轨迹与命运。

Hoshina Koichi is the major maker of language policy and the main advocate of language assimi lation policy in modern Japan, whose view of language policy is mainly built on the concept of ＂national language＂ coming from Ueda Kazutoshi. Hoshina＇s view of language policy is focused on ＂assimilation＂, which can be divided into two dimensions： the internal assimilation of standardization and the external co lonial assimilation. It can be found through the research that the view of language assimilation in modern Japan originated from the language purism. Then it gradually developed into language nationalism and fi- nally dissimilated to language imperialism. It is not only an antagonism to east Asian traditional civil order but also a backfire on Chinese Civilization. It also is an overreaction to the crisis in modern Asia. It carl tie found the imitation and reference to the western powers, especially to Germany, and the ingratiation lo militarism in the formation of the view of language assimilation in modern Japan. From Hoshina Koichi＇s view of language assimilation, we can find multiple contradictions in the language assimilation policy in modern Japan, which influenced the formulation and implementation of the language assimilation policy, and determined the developing path and destiny of modern Japanese language policy.