在医学与文学之间——日本当代“汉方小说”解说

Between Medicine and Literature-Explanation of Contemporary Japanese “Chinese Prescription Novel”

日本的传统医学是模仿中医学而建立的,至江户时代形成了独特的汉方医学。随着近代以来沉寂了近百年的汉方医学在现代社会的复兴,"汉方小说"在日本文学中应运而生。"汉方小说"以汉方作为小说构架的基本要素,有的以江户时代的"汉方医"为主人公,有的叙述汉方的治疗方法,有的则以汉方病案记录的形式呈现,为医学增加形象化材料,其中不免具有虚构性。"汉方小说"将诊断治疗的过程叙事化,具有记录和文献价值,体现出"汉方医学"与文学的巧妙结合。虽然对汉方医学的认识和理解尚未深入,有将其治病原理及效果玄学化的问题,但是"汉方小说"能够从不同角度满足读者了解汉方医学的需要,反映出当代日本社会对注重整体治疗的汉方医学的重新认识,兼具美学价值和心理治疗功能。

The traditional Japanese medicine was built under the influence of Chinese medicine. The unique Chinese prescription medicine was formed until Edo period. ＂Chinese prescription novel＂ appeared with revival of Chinese prescription medicine in modern society, which has been quiet for about 100 years. Tak- ing the Chinese prescription as the basic elements of the novels, some of ＂Chinese prescription novel＂ took the Chinese prescription doctors in Edo period as the heroes, some narrated the treatment of Chinese pre- scription, and some showed the documents of Chinese prescription cases. All these added the visualized materials to the medicine science, in which the fictionality is unavoidable. The Chinese prescription novel made the diagnosis and treatment process into narration. They embodied the values of documents and re- cords, and showed the perfect integration of Chinese prescription and literature. Although the understand- ing of Chinese prescription is not enough, including the problems of making the ment and the effects metaphysical, but the Chinese prescription novel can satis pr fy incipals of medical treat the needs of readers＂ un derstanding Chinese prescription from different perspectives, and reflected that contemporary Japanese so ciety reconsidered the Chinese prescription which emphasizes the overall treatment of Chinese prescription, which has both the aesthetic took and function psychological treatment.