日本老龄化的地区差异和社区综合护理体系

Japan's Regional Differences of Ageing and Community Comprehensive Nursing System

日本的老龄化发展目前呈现几个特点:一是日本整体的老龄化在不断增长,但是各都道府县之间的差异并没有缩小;二是大城市圈的老龄化发展迅速;三是市区町村的老龄化水平差异大于都道府县;四是都道府县内部各市区町村之间的老龄化水平差异也很大;五是总人口减少程度较大的市区町村,老年人口也在减少。因此,日本政府正大力推进"社区综合护理体系",让老人能在熟悉的地方无间隙使用医疗和护理服务。"社区综合护理体系"是指在日常生活范围内以在本地区居住的老年人为对象,当他们需要护理时,医疗、护理等相关的社会服务工作人员能正确把握和共享老年人的需求,相互合作提供老人所需服务,它的核心组织为社区综合支援中心。要理解日本的"社区综合护理体系",不仅要理解它的想法和思路,还要理解它的社会背景,把握日本地区的多样性。

While Japan＇ s ageing process has been accelerating, differences among its multi prefectures （Tod 8 fuken） have not decreased. The ageing speed of metropolises is increasing rapidly. - level Ageing levels among municipalities （shikuch 6 son） are much larger than those of the prefectures. Besides, ageing speeds within the prefectures and municipalities are also quite different. In municipalities where the total population has decreased, the number of elderly population has decreased as well. The Japanese government is implementing the Community Comprehensive Nursing System so as to make medical and nursing services available for the elderly at places which they are familiar with. The Community Comprehensive Nursing System means that when local elderly people need medical, nursing and other relevant services in daily life, the social service staff could know and meet their needs and provide services through cooperation. Its core organization is the Community Comprehensive Center. To have a deep understanding of the Community Comprehensive Nursing System, it is not only important to understand its ideas and lines of thoughts, but also important to learn about its social background and the variety of the Japanese regions.