日本大城市与中山间地域的地域福利:现状、议题、展望

Chapter 1 Regional Welfares of Metropolises and Hilly and Mountainous Areas——Status Quo, Project and Prospect

日本的大城市具有人口增加和流动频繁的特点,面临着高龄化、生活孤独、贫困增多、灾害抵抗能力弱等问题;中山间地域(农村地区)则由于人口持续流出而具有过疏化的特点,面临着医疗、交通、福利服务退化等问题。两类地域面临的问题看似迥异,实则互为表里。为了应对和解决这些问题,需要在不同地域实施不同的地域性福利服务项目。在大城市,应当创建老年友好型城市,推行积极老龄化福利服务项目;在中山间地域,则应调和自然生态系统与人类社会的关系,进行福利资源的开发。在今后的研究中,也应当将两类地域作为一体来探索解决问题的线索。

Japanese metropolises, featured by the population growth and frequent mobility, are faced with problems like ageing society, loneliness, poverty and vulnerable disaster - resistance ability; the Hilly and Mountainous Areas （rural areas）, due to its continuous population outflow, confront the issue of depopulation and are pressed by problems like inconvenient medical and transportation conditions, and the decline of welfare services. Though problems of those two regions seem to be different, they are in fact closely related. To cope with these problems, it is necessary to launch different welfare service projects in different regions. In metropolises, we should build age - friendly cities and implement welfare service projects for the elderly, while in the Hilly and Mountainous Areas, it is better to reconcile the relationship between nature, ecology and human society, and to exploit welfare resources. In future researches, those two regions should still be taken as a whole to handle relevant problems and seek solutions.