论弗莱对弗雷泽与斯宾格勒循环论的改造

Frye's Reform on Oswald Spengler and Jams Frazer's Circle Theory

弗莱的文学循环论思想是其原型批评的重要内容,原型批评的理论框架就由此推演而来。弗雷泽的自然循环论和斯宾格勒的历史循环论作为两个重要理论资源,为弗莱的文学循环论提供了完整的隐喻和象征的框架,弗莱在此基础上对文学作品进行分类,形成了文学类型的循环序列。同时,弗莱赞同斯宾格勒对文明循环与自然循环的区分;批判弗雷泽忽略二者的区隔,将神话还原为自然和历史事实的行为。如此弗莱就形成了一套独立于真实历史的文学发展逻辑,构建了文学人类学的视角与方法,然而这也导致了形式论和唯心论的弊端。

Frye＇s theory on literature cycle is the important content for Archetypal Criticism. As the crucial theoretical recourses for Archetypal Criticism,Oswald Spengler＇s theory on history circle and Jams Frazer＇s theory on natural circle provide entirely symbolic and metaphorical frame for Frye＇s theory on literature cycle. On this basis,Frye classifies literary works and then forms the logic sequence of literary works. At the same time,Frye applauds Spengler＇s division of cultural circle and natural circle,and criticizes Frazer who understands mythology as history reality. All in all,Frye sets up the inherent logic of literary development which means it＇s independent of history,and builds the view and method of Archetypal Criticism,which,however,leads to the disadvantages of formalism and idealism.