转型时期的西藏民事司法调解制度研究

On the Civil Judicial Mediation System of Tibet in the Period of Transformation

司法调解作为世界范围内一种惯用的纠纷解决机制,它具有提高司法效率、合理利用司法资源和避免当事人诉讼成本的功能。在西藏社会转型过程中,传统的宗教至上的理念、自然经济下的农耕意识、遗留的等级特权观念等,与现代市场理念、法治理念下的公平、正义以及城镇化、信息化等诸多要素存在着矛盾,因而产生了各种各样的民事纠纷。如何完善西藏民事司法调解机制,对于和谐西藏建设无疑具有重大的现实意义。文章立足于西藏社会转型过程中的民事纠纷性质,并通过实证研究,披露出西藏现有民事司法调解机制存在的一系列问题,即司法调解的工具性动机、司法调解与民事审判的功能界限不清等。沿着正确认识民事诉讼与司法调解的本质、重塑自愿型司法调解模式及规范诉前、立案及诉讼中调解等路径,不断完善西藏的民事司法调解机制,以期促进和谐西藏、法治西藏建设。

As a worldwide idiomatic mechanism for resolving disputes, judicial mediation is of the function of im- proving the efficiency of justice and reasonable use of judicial resources and reducing the lawsuit cost. In the pro- cess of social transformation in Tibet, there seems conflict existing between the farming consciousness that under the natural economy and the modern marketing concept, and resulted in all kinds of civil disputes. It has great re- alistic significance for building a harmonious Tibet that to improve the civil judicial mediation mechanism. So this article based on the nature of the civil disputes of Tibet that in the process of social transformation, and re- vealed by empirical study that the existing civil judicial mediation mechanism of Tibet has a lot of problems, such as the instrumental motivation of judicial mediation, and the blurred boundaries between the function of civ- il action and judicial mediation. So we should follow the way that precisely understanding the nature of civil liti- gation and judicial mediation, and reshape voluntary judicial mediation pattern, to improve the civil judicial me- diation mechanism of Tibet, and thus to promote the construction of harmonious Tibet.