藏族传统天文历算中的二十八宿体系研究

Study on the 28-Constelation System of Traditional Tibetan Astronomy and Calendrical Calculation

文章以藏族天文历算对于恒星的认识程度为着眼点,以藏族天文历算中的物候历谚语、《虎耳譬喻经》(藏文版)、《白琉璃论》等文献为研究对象,从命名、观测与研究三个方面收集并整理了藏族天文历算中二十八宿体系的起源和演变过程。文章认为时轮历思想传入之前,藏族天文历算中已经有了对二十八宿的系统命名和对某些星宿的初步观测,但是对二十八宿的系统研究始于公元9世纪印度佛经《虎耳譬喻经》传入西藏地区后才兴起的。

This article, taking the recognition of stars in the Tibetan astronomy and calendrical calculation as an approach, studies the phenological proverbs in the Tibetan astronomy and calendrical calculation, and some other related literature, for instance, the Tibetan version of stag-rna-rtogs-pa-brjod-pa, and collects and collates the origins and evolution of the 28-constelation system of the Tibetan astronomy and ealendrical calculation from three aspects, namely astronomical naming, observation and research. The article points out that before the introduction of ＂time-wheel＂ calendrical calculation into Tibet, the Tibetan astronomy had already systematically named the 28 constelations and preliminarily observed some of the constelations. But with the Indian Sutra stagrna-rtogs-pa-brjod-pa was introduced into Tibet in 9th century, the systematic study was first done on the 28 constelations in Tibet.