紫色土主要肥力指标和地形要素及毛竹林植物多样性指数的关系

Relationship between Purple Soil Fertility,Terrain and Plant Diversity of Moso Bamboo Forest

植物多样性的土壤生态功能是生态学研究的热点之一,分析紫色土主要肥力指标和地形要素及毛竹林植物多样性指数的关系可为通过植物多样性路径维护林地肥力提供理论依据与决策参考。在赤水河下游采用野外样地调查和实验室样品分析相结合的方法研究43个紫色土-毛竹林样地的结果表明:(1)依据乔木层物种重要值可将调查样地划分为毛竹-香樟-柃木林、毛竹-丝栎栲-杉木林、毛竹-杉木-棕榈林和毛竹-丝栎栲-西南木荷林4个类型。不同类型间乔木层植物部分多样性指数值差异显著、灌木及草本层植物多样性指数值差异不显著,土壤主要肥力指标值差异不显著。(2)因子分析发现地形因子和不同土层土壤有机质因子及C层土壤磷钾因子相关显著,进而影响毛竹林生长及植物多样性发育。乔木、灌木及草本层植物多样性因子和不同土层土壤肥力因子直线相关显著的指标对数量为22.22%、11.11%和33.33%,A、B及C层土壤肥力因子的相应值分别为20.00%。(3)直线相关分析发现土壤主要肥力指标和植物多样性指数值相关显著的指标对数量呈Margalef指数(32.22%)>Simpson指数(24.44%)>Shannon-Wiener指数(7.78%)>Pielou指数(2.22%)、A层(22.50%)>B层(18.33%)>C层(9.17%)及草本层(22.50%)>乔木层(20.83%)>灌木层(6.67%)的趋势。(4)土壤肥力和植物多样性指数值的相关性存在无关型(相关不显著)、直线型和曲线型(二次多项式)3种类型,因子分析的相应值为62.96%、22.22%和37.04%,指标分析的相应值为66.94%、16.67%和33.06%。表明毛竹林植物多样性指数和土壤主要肥力指标值的相关显著性具有层次性、指标差异性和多型性特点,曲线型较直线型更能反映二者的相互关系。

Soil ecological function of the plant diversity is one of the hot topics in the study of ecology ,it will provide the theoretical basis and decision-making reference for maintaining forest soil fertility through plant diversity path to research the relationship between purple soil fertility indicators,terrain factors and plant diversity indices of Moso bamboo （ Phyllostachys edulis） forest.In terms of field survey from 43 plots of purple soil-Moso bamboo forests in the downstream of Chishui River , Guizhou Province , China , and laboratory sample analysis , results showed that：（1） based on the arbor layer species importance value ,the surveyed plots were divided into 4 types, i.e.Phyllostachys edulis-Cinnamomum camphora-Eurya sp.forest, Phyllostachys edulis-Castanopsi fargesii-Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, Phyllostachys edulis-Cunninghamia lanceolata-Trachycarpus fortunei forest and Phyllostachys edulis-Castanopsi fargesii-Schima wallichii forest .Significant difference was found in plant diversity indices of arbor layer ,rather than in shrub and herb layers and in the main soil fertility indicators among different types of Moso bamboo forests .（2） Terrain, soil organic matter contents of different layers,and phosphorus and potassium contents of the C layer were correlated with each other significantly ,they affected the growth of Moso bamboo forests and the development of plant diversity .Indicator percentage with linear correlation between plant diversity of arbor , shrub and herb and soil fertility of different soil layers were 22 .22%, 11 .11% and 33 .33%, respectively,and corresponding values of soil fertility of A ,B and C layer were 20.00%.（3） The linear correlation between main soil fertility indicators and plant diversity indices followed the descending order of Margalef index （32.22%） 〉Simpson index （24.44%） 〉Shannon-Wiener index （ 7.78%） 〉Pielou index （ 2.22%）, A layer （ 22.50%） 〉B layer （18.33%） 〉C layer （9.17%） in soil,and the herb （22.50%） 〉arbor （20.83%） 〉shrub （6.67%） in vegetation.（4） there existed 3 types of correlation between the soil fertility indicators and plant diversity indices ,i.e.independent type （ no significant correlation ） ,linear correlation type and curve correlation type （ quadratic polynomial ） , corresponding values of factor analysis were 62.96%,22.22%and 37.04%,respectively,and that of indicator analysis were 66.94%,16.67% and 33.06%,respectively.It indicated that significant correlation of plant diversity indices and soil fertility indicators in Moso bamboo forests has the characteristics of hierarchy,index difference and multi-type.Curve model reflected more the relationship than linear model .