脲甲醛缓释肥在冬小麦上的肥料效应研究

Study on Effect of Urea Formaldehyde Slow-release Fertilizer on Winter Wheat

发展氮肥缓释技术是降低麦田氮肥损失、提高氮肥利用率的有效途径之一。在施用等量磷和钾的基础上,研究了脲甲醛(缓释氮)与尿素(速效氮)不同配比(3∶7,5∶5,7∶3)下的3种脲甲醛缓释肥对冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:缓释氮与速效氮配比为5∶5的脲甲醛缓释肥,其缓释氮与速效氮配比合理,一次性底施即能够满足冬小麦全生育期的氮素需求。该处理下,小麦灌浆期与成熟期的地上部生物产量和氮素吸收量以及籽粒产量均显著高于普通复合肥一次性底施处理,且与普通复合肥分3次施用处理差异均不显著。因此,与普通复合肥相比,氮源配比合理的脲甲醛缓释肥具有缓释、高效、省时省工的优点,在冬小麦生产中具有较好的应用前景。

Developing slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is one of the effective ways to reduce nitrogen toss and increase nitrogen use efficiency in wheat field. On the basis of equal phosphorus and potassium, the effect of urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer on the growth and yield of winter wheat was studied with the ratio of urea formaldehyde （slow-release nitrogen） to urea （available nitrogen） of 3：7, 5：5 and 7：3. The results indicated that the basal application one time of urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer with 1：1 of slow-release nitrogen to available nitrogen could meet the requirement of nitrogen during the whole growth period of winter wheat. Under this treatment, the aboveground biomass and nitrogen uptake during grain filling stage and mature stage of winter wheat, and the grain yield of winter wheat were significant higher than those with only one time application of conventional compound fertilizer. And it had no difference with application 3 times of conventional compound fertilizer. Compared with the conventional compound fertilizer, urea formaldehyde slow-release fertilizer has the advantages of one-time fertilization and saving time and labor. It has a good application prospect in winter wheat production.