解放的世界主义——个体从文化、习俗与社群中解放出来之图景

Emancipatory Cosmopolitanism: A Vision of the Individual Free from Culture, Custom and Community

在康德及其"绝对律令"的概念之后,"世界主义"或许可被定义为一种科学与政治规划,致力于提升与个体解放相关的本体论和道德。在世界主义观念看来,一个公正社会的政制包含全球性步骤,通过它们,"常人"(即全球化个体)能据其自身判断与解释的标准而充分地成为其自身。文章提出一个世界主义之图景,该图景葆有一种人类学责任去区分最好的知识与那些间接的背景知识,赋予每个个体得以根据人类最好知识去生活的权利,以帮助个体从社群主义的束缚中解放出来。

After Immanuel Kant and his＂categorical imperative＂,＂Cosmopolitanism＂may be defined as a sci-entific and political project that endeavours to promote the ontology and morality of the＂freed＂individual. On a cos-mopolitan view, the constitution of a just society involves global procedures whereby＂Anyone＂（the global individu-al） is afforded the space to come into his or her own, to become themselves, according to their own criteria of judge-ment and interpretation. This article presents a cosmopolitan vision which accords the right to every individual tolive according to the best knowledge humanly available, while remaining an anthropological duty to distinguish be-tween best knowledge and that which is circumstantial and contextual, and so help emancipate individuals fromcommunitarian enclosure.