论陀思妥耶夫斯基根基主义思想萌芽期与发展期的原创性

On the Originality of Dostoevsky's Pochvennichestvo in Its Burgeoning and Developing Periods

对陀思妥耶夫斯基思想发展的梳理以及对其思想原创性的考辨,有助于把握作家及其作品所反映的思想。陀思妥耶夫斯基的根基主义思想的发展大致可分为三个时期:萌芽期(1846—1847)、发展期(1848—1865)和巅峰期(1866—1881)。在萌芽期,陀思妥耶夫斯基虽然与其兄长在感情上亲近、思想上接近,但他发表的反映这一思想的代表作要略早于其兄之作;在发展期,陀思妥耶夫斯基虽与其他思想家有过琴瑟之鸣,但其根基主义思想基本上属于独立见解。研究这前两个时期并论证其原创性,同时考察其根基主义思想在这两个时期所延伸表达出的非功利文艺观等,对确立陀思妥耶夫斯基在俄国根基派中的地位与作用十分重要。

Combing the development of his thought and elucidating its originality contributes to the understanding of Dostoevsky and the ideas embedded in his writings. The development of his idea ofpochvennichestvo can be divided into three stages： the burgeoning period （1846- 1847）, the developing period （1848-1865） and the peak period （1866-1881）. This article, based on textual analysis and comparison, aims to demonstrate the originality ofpochvennichestvo at its initial as well as later stages. Initially, Dostoevsky suggested the idea in his magnum opus earlier than his brother although there existed an intellectual sympathy between them. In the developing period, pochvennichestvo stood uniquely Dostoevskian among the contemporary intellectuals who shared an inspiringly similar view. A close examination ofpochvennichestvo＇s originality proves crucial to Dostoevsky＇s Weltanschauung as well as to the ideas informing his writing.