论维多利亚时期的教育出版对华兹华斯“诗人即人师”形象的塑造

The Poet as Teacher:Wordsworth Edited for Educational Purposes During the Victorian Period

随着19世纪英国基础教育的普及和出版市场的扩张,不少人选编华兹华斯的诗歌用于广义或狭义的教育,形成了其诗歌接受史中的"高雅"与"通俗"两种传统。二者之间有分歧也有交汇,突出表现在教育工作者与文学批评家对华兹华斯的诗教意义有多重理解。本文通过比较分析1830—1890年间出版的若干针对不同层次读者的华兹华斯诗歌选集,探讨维多利亚时期的教育界和出版市场对其诗歌教育功用的理解和利用,意图展示英国教育出版界对华兹华斯诗教的理解经历了从幼稚化到哲学化的转变,但幼稚化的趋势长期存在,并在一定程度上影响了华兹华斯"诗人即人师"的形象及当今浪漫主义文学教育。

The popularization of elementary education and expansion of printing market during the Victorian period led to the emergence of many selections of Wordsworth＇s poems for education, in the broad or narrow sense of the word, resulting in the ＂high＂ and ＂low＂ traditions of Wordsworth＇s reception. Divergence and convergence coexisted between these two traditions, as educationists and literary critics have different understandings of Wordsworth＇s educational significance. By a comparative study of several selections of Wordsworth＇s poems published between 1830 and 1899 that targeted different levels of readers, this article attempts to discuss how Victorian educational editors presented the poet as a teacher, and how Wordsworth was infantilized by some and philosophized by others. The continuation of infantilization threatens Wordsworth＇s image and sends a warning message concerning our contemporary literary education of Romanticism.