西方文论关键词 假名

Pseudonym:A Keyword in Critical Theory

假名是指作者隐匿真实姓名、采用虚构名字进行写作的方式,这种行为广泛地存在于文学、艺术、政治、网络等多个领域。早期的假名源于口传文学的局限性和对经典的模仿,后来逐渐演变成一种叙述策略,作者试图掩饰身份,疏离与读者的关系,表达多样的自我。克尔凯郭尔在写作中使用大量的假名,将假名视为方法论,这是一种苏格拉底式的间接沟通方式,以此反对理性的直接性和浪漫主义者对自我的过度推崇,并重新界定作者、读者和文本的关系,预示了"作者之死"。热奈特认为假名参与了作品书写,是文本虚构的一部分,有"类文本"特性。他区分了假名的多种形态,并称其为"诗学行为"。

Pseudonym, a fictional name that an author employs to conceal the real one, is widely used in the fields of literature, art, politics, the Internet and so on. The early use of pseudonyms could be attributed to the limitations of oral literature and the imitation of the classics, and then evolved into a narrative strategy, when the author tried to hide his identity, to alienate the relationship with the reader, and to express a variety of self. Kierkegaard used a large number of pseudonyms in his works, and he regarded the pseudonym as a methodology. It is a kind of indirect communication like that of Socrates, adopted to oppose the directness of reason and the Romantics＇ excessive esteem for the self, and to rethink the relationship between the author, the reader and the text, thus indicating the death of author. Genette believes that pseudonym, as a part of textual fictionalization, plays a role in writing, thus possessing features of a paratext. He has distinguished between various forms of pseudonym, and called it a ＂poetic activity.＂