贵阳市生态足迹与生态安全研究

Ecological footprint and ecological security of Guiyang

为科学评价贵阳市的生态安全,促进其社会经济可持续发展,以MODIS17A3和MODIS12Q1为数据源,运用生态足迹理论和GIS空间技术对贵阳市的生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字、生态压力指数进行了研究,分析贵阳市生态安全现状,结果表明:(1)贵阳市人均生态足迹从2000年的1.543 hm^2增加至2010年的2.28 hm^2,其中化石能源生态足迹比重最大,增长最快;而人均生态承载力则由0.4515 hm^2减少到0.3696 hm^2,其中耕地生态承载力减少最多,三个时期生态足迹都远大于生态承载力,生态赤字显著。(2)2000年、2005年和2010年贵阳市生态压力指数均大于2,处于极不安全的状态;(3)贵阳市生态安全空间分布不均,生态压力指数呈现西南高、东北低;由市中心向郊区递减的规律。从县域尺度看,其中乌当区、云岩区、南明区、小河区、花溪区、白云区和清镇市大部分地区生态压力指数均大于2,生态安全状况极差;息烽县、开阳县和修文县生态压力指数均小于1,生态安全状况较好。

In order to evaluate the ecological security of Guiyang,and to achieve sustainable social and economic development,we took MODIS17 A3 and MODIS12 Q1 as the data source,analyzed the ecological footprint,ecological capacity,ecological deficit and ecological pressure index of Guiyang using the ecological footprint theory and GIS technology,and evaluated the ecological security status of Guiyang. The results showed that：（ 1） ecological footprint per capita increased from 1. 543 hm2 in 2000 to 2. 28 hm2 in 2010,with the footprint of fossil energy increasing the fastest and taking up the largest proportion; ecological capacity per capita decreased from 0. 4515 hm2 to 0. 3696 hm2,with the ecological capacity of cultivated land decreasing the most; the ecological footprint was much larger than the ecological capacity,and the ecological deficit was huge;（ 2） in 2000,2005 and 2010,the ecological pressure index of Guiyang was greater than 2,which was extremely unsafe;（ 3） the spatial distribution of ecological security of Guiyang was uneven,with the ecological pressure index in the southwest higher than that in the northeast,and decreasing from downtown to the suburb. The ecological pressure index in most areas in Wudang District,Yunyan District,Nanming District,Xiaohe District,Huaxi District,Baiyun District and Qingzhen City was greater than 2,which was an extremely bad situation. The ecological pressure index in Xifeng County,Kaiyang County and Xiuwen County was less than 1,which meant the ecological security situation was good.