海南省0～6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的现况调查

Epidemiological investigation of children with autism spectrum disorders from 0 to 6 years old in Hainan province

目的了解海南省0~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的患病率、分布情况及差异。方法抽查海南省18个市县0~6岁儿童37 862人,采用"儿童发育问题预警征象"调查表进行筛查,专科医师进行临床诊断。结果海南省37 862名0~6岁儿童中诊断出235名孤独症儿童,孤独症患病率为6.2‰,其中男生为9.9‰,女生为1.7‰,性别差异具有显著统计学意义(χ~2=101.91,P<0.001);不同年龄组儿童孤独症患病率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=288.62,P<0.001),年龄越高孤独症患病率越高;城市显著高于其他地区(χ~2=114.77,P<0.001)。结论海南省0~6岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的患病率居国内较高水平;且确诊年龄较大,需提高孤独症的早期诊断率。

Objective To describe the prevalence,distribution and difference of children with autism spectrum disor- ders （ASD） at the age of 0 to 6 years old in Hainan province. Methods Totally 37 862 children aged 0-6 years were se- lected from 18 different cities and counties in Hainan province,and were screened by the ＂Child Development Issues Warning Signs＂ questionnaire,diagnosed by clinical specialists. Results A total of 235 children were diagnosed with autism spec- trum disorders from 37 862 children aged 0 to 6 years,and the ASD prevalence was 0.62%. The difference on ASD preva- lence between boys （0.99 % ） and girls （0.17 %） were statistically significant （x^2 = t 01.91, P〈 0.00 ] ）. The older children had higher prevalence of ASD with signficant difference （x^2 = 288.62, P〈0.01）. Also, the autism rate in urban areas was significantly higher than that in other regions （x^2=114.77,P〈0. 001）. Conclusions The prevalence of ASD in children aged 0-6 in Hainan province is high in the domestic and children are diagnosed with ASD at their older age. So it is urgently needed to improve the early diagnosis rate.