养老服务均等化:基于阿玛蒂亚·森可行能力的理性审视

Service Equalization for the Aged: Based on Rational Examination of the Capability Theory of Amartya Sen

当前我国面临着较为突出的养老不平等问题,诸如公共服务不均衡,养老的地区、职业、城乡等差异显著。面对这一问题,诸多平等主义相关理论都给出了各自的解决方案。但是,这些理论及其实践后果在阿玛蒂亚·森看来均存在不足,其中原因之一缘于平等的自我挫败,使得强化某一方面的平等反而会加剧其他方面的不平等。阿玛蒂亚·森提出了以可行能力为核心的平等观,给予我们一个更为深刻的平等理念。森的理论可以为我国解决养老不平等问题提供理论启发,尤其是在公共服务均等化、个体养老能力提升等方面教益颇多。

Now we are facing the quite outstanding problems of pension inequality in our country,such as unbalance of public services,significant differences for the elderly in different regions,occupations and urban-rural areas. Facing these problems,many related theories of egalitarianism have given their respective solutions. However,there are still deficiencies of these theories and their practical consequences according to the theory of Amartya Sen. One of the reasons is that self-defeating of equality will aggravate other inequalities. Theory of Amartya Sen＇s concept of capability being the core of the equality can provide some theoretical inspiration to solve the problem of pension inequality in our country,especially in the equality of public service and improvement of individual endowment ability.