贵阳市居民保健食品的知信行及影响因素分析

Knowledge,attitude and practice of health food and their influencing factors among residents in Guiyang City

目的了解贵阳市居民对保健食品的知信行情况,分析居民保健食品消费的影响因素,同时为保健食品市场发展提供参考依据。方法 2015年11月-2016年3月采取分层整群随机抽样方法抽取贵阳市6个社区,对410户家庭,1 163名居民进行保健食品问卷调查。结果被调查者对保健食品知识、态度、行为总平均分分别为(9.33±4.67)、(4.27±2.29)和(0.58±0.68)分;对保健食品的原料构成情况掌握情况最差,正确率仅为11.70%;相关分析结果显示,居民保健食品知识、态度、行为间呈正相关(r=0.402、0.238,均P=0.000),态度与行为亦呈正相关(r=0.327,P=0.000);多因素回归分析显示知识和态度得分、收入水平是影响保健食品购买的主要因素。结论贵阳市居民对保健食品知识掌握较差,行为不尽合理,而态度较好;居民倾向选择增强免疫力、补充维生素、改善睡眠等种类;关注保健食品的安全性、疗效及品牌等。

Objective To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of health food among residents in Guiyang City, to analyze the factors influencing the residents＇ health food consumption, and to simultaneously provide references for the development of health food market. Methods Stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 6 communities in Guiyang City, and then a questionnaire survey of health food was conducted among 1,163 residents from 410 households. Results The total average scores of knowledge, attitude and behavior about health food in the surveyed residents were （9.33±4.67）, （4.27±2.29） and （0.58±0.68） respectively. The condition of mastering knowledge about composition of raw material of health food was the worst, and the correct rate was only 11.7%. The Results of correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation among the residents＇ knowledge, attitude and behavior about health food （r=0.402, r=0.238, both P=0.000） as well as between attitude and behavior （r=0.327, P=0.000）. Multi-factor regression analysis revealed that the scores of knowledge and attitude and the income level were the main factors influencing the purchase of health food. Conclusions The master condition of knowledge about health food in the residents in Guiyang City is poor. Their behavior is unreasonable, whereas their attitude is good. The residents are prone to purchasing health food regarding immunity enhancement, vitamin complement and sleep improvement, and pay more attention to the safety, efficacy and brand of health food.