不同改良措施对盐碱地芸豆生长及产量的影响

Effect of the Improvement Measures on Growth and Yield of Kidney Beans in Saline-alkali Soil

通过田间试验,研究磷石膏、有机肥改良盐碱地对土壤养分及芸豆生长及产量的影响。结果表明,单施磷石膏不能显著增加两个芸豆品种的产量。有机肥和磷石膏混施使英国红显著增产91.86%,增幅最大,单施有机肥使吉引1号显著增产300.77%,增幅最大。有机肥及磷石膏混施使英国红净光合速率均值增加0.72 mg·m-2·h-1,叶绿素均值增加3.77 CCI;有机肥使吉引1号净光合速率均值增加0.81 mg·m-2·h-1,叶绿素含量均值增加3.79 CCI。有机肥和有机肥、磷石膏混施均能保证两个芸豆品种的全生育期天数,均能显著增加叶面积指数,降低根冠比。磷石膏、有机肥混施使英国红茎粗、主茎节数、可育节数、单株荚数、百粒重及单株产量增幅最显著,单施有机肥使吉引1号荚长、收获株数、保苗率、单株粒数、百粒重及单株产量增幅最显著。单施有机肥使碱解氮、有机质、全氮及全钾含量增幅最大,使盐总量下降0.12 g·kg-1;磷石膏、有机肥混施使有效磷、速效钾、全磷含量增幅最大,使土壤pH值下降1.06,降幅最大;磷石膏对盐碱土改良效果不明显。两个芸豆品种耐盐碱性不同,存在品种间差异。有机肥和有机肥、磷石膏混施对盐碱土均有明显改良效果,根据品种特性选择最佳的改良方式。

Under field trials,effect of ardealite and organic fertilizer which improved saline-alkali soil on the growth and yield of kidney beans was studied.The results showed that ardealite treatment did not significantly increase yield of two kinds of kidney beans. Mixing ardealite with organic fertilizer treatment increased the highest yield of British red kedney beans ,significantly increased by 91.86%.Organic fertilizer treatment increased the highest yield of Jilin Num.1 kedney beans,significantly increased by 300.77%. Ardealite treatment did not improve soil nutrients.Mixing ardealite with organic fertilizer treatments increased average of net photosynthesis rate by 0.72 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and average of chlorophyll by 3.79 CCI of British red kedney beans.Organic fertilizer treatment increased average of net photosynthesis rate by 0.81 mg·m^-2·h^-1 and chlorophyll by 3.79 CCI of Jilin Num.1 kedney beans.Mixing ardealite with organic fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatments all could guarantee total growth days of two kidney beans,increase leaf area index,reduce root shoot radio.Mixing ardealite with organic fertilizer increased significantly stem width,nods of main stem, effective nods,pods per plant,100-grain weight and yield per plant of British red kedney beans.Organic fertilizer increased pod length,planting density,seeding rate, spikelets per plant, 100-grain weight and yield per plant of Jilin Num.1 kedney beans.Organic fertilizer biggest increased alkaline hydrolysis N, organic matter, total nitrogen and total potassium, induced total salting by 0.12 g/kg. Mixing ardealite with organic fertilizer biggest increased effective P,total phosphorus and available K,induced pH by 1.06.Ardealite treatment did not improve soil nutrients. Salt and alkali resistance were different in two common bean guhivars,there were difference in the two common bean gultivars. Both organic fertilizer and mixing ardealite with organic fertilizer could significantly improve saline-alkali soil.According to the characteristics of varieties, a reasonable way could be chosen to improve.