七七事变前日本“华北驻屯军”的扩张与列强应对初探

A Preliminary Study on the Expansion of Japanese“Northern China Garrison Army”before the July 7th Incident and Great Powers’ Responses

日本“华北驻屯军”组建于1901年，是《辛丑条约》的产物。1911年，日本试图趁中国辛亥革命内乱之机，向华北增兵，扩充驻屯军实力，但遭到了列强的反对。1927年中国国民革命期间，日本利用与列强共同防卫华北的机会，在英美等国的支持下，增加了驻屯军的兵力。1935年，日本制造“华北事变”，阴谋分离华北，随即在列强的默许下，于次年将驻屯军编制升格，扩充驻军人数，并不断在北平丰台等地向中国军政当局进行军事挑衅，最终导致七七事变的爆发。

The Japanese " Northern China Garrison Army" was formed on 1901 as a result of the Boxer Protocol. In 1911,taking the occasion of China’s Xinhai Revolution and civil strife,Japan attempted to augment forces to North China and expand the strength of its garrison army, which, however, was opposed by the great powers. During China’s National Revolution in 1927,Japan seized the opportunity of defending North China jointly with great powers and increased troops to its Northern China Garrison Army with the support of countries like the United States and United Kingdom. In 1935, Japan provoked the North China Incident, conspiring to segregate North China from China. Then with the acquiescence of great powers, Japan upgraded the military formation of the North China Garrison Army in the following year and expanded the number of troops. Moreover, the Japanese army continuously made military provocations in areas of Fengtai and Beiping towards Chinese military and political authorities, which finally caused the outbreak of the July 7th Incident.