重庆市农村和城市失独人员心身健康状况及生活质量比较

Comparative study of psychosomatic health and quality of life among rural and urban one-child died persons

目的了解农村、城市失独人员的心身健康及生活质量现状。方法随机抽取重庆市主城3个区符合条件的失独人员841人，分为城市失独组①=377），农村失独组（n=464）。使用一般情况调查表、90项症状自评量表（SCL-90）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）、社会支持评定量表、世界卫生组织生存质量测定量表简表，进行一对一问卷评定，评定身心健康状况及生活质量，同时与674名未失独的对照组进行对比。结果城市失独组、农村失独组、对照组3组在SCL-90总分及因子分、SDS、社会支持、生活质量得分上差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。Logistic回归分析显示，SCL-90是失独者抑郁情绪的风险因素，社会支持的失独者抑郁情绪的保护因素。结论失独人员身心健康状况较差，生活质量下降，尤其是农村失独群体。加大农村失独者的社会帮扶力度，提高医疗和养老保障服务。

Objective To understand the psychosomatic health and quality of life in rural and urban one-child died persons. Methods A total of 841 one-child died persons who met the criteria in three districts of the main city of Chongqing were randomly selected and divided into urban group （n=377） and rural group （n=464）. A general questionnaire, 90 Symptom Check List（SCL-90）, Self-rating Depression Scale （SDS）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF （WHOQOL-BREF） were used to assess the physical and mental health and the quality of life. At the same time, all scales results were compared with control group of 674 non-lost cases. Results There were statistical differences among the urban one-child died group, the rural one-child died group and control group in the total score and element scores of SCL-90, SDS, SSRS and WHOQOL-BREF （P 〈 0.01）. Logistic regression showed that SCL-90 was the risk factor of depression, and social support was the protective factor of depression. Conclusions The physical and mental health of the one-child died persons are poor, and the quality of life declined, especially in the rural group. It is necessary to increase efforts to help rural one-child died persons and improve medical and aged security services.