叶芝的四个镜像——略论叶芝诗歌中的几组“异题对称写作”

Four Mirrors from Yeats——A brief discussion about several symmetric poems with different titles

在叶芝的诗歌中,对称是一种典型的结构,也是他思考世界和诠释"人"的复杂性的独特形式。叶芝在诗中扮演牧羊人、老人、青年等诸多形态各异的人物形象,并让他们作为自我的镜像,反复出现在不同的诗歌中,构成别具意味的对称关系来呈现对相同的主题进行多角度探讨后的理解。由抒情主体的对称延展到诗歌主题的对称,叶芝最终指向的是"人"所面对的困境,其诗歌理念也正是通过这一写作方式得到了实践,并从浪漫主义深化到了现代主义。

Symmetry is a classic structure for Yeats＇s poems, and also a unique structure to express his thoughts about world and explanation of ＂human＂ complexity. Yeats plays the role of the shepherd, the elderly, youth and many others in his poems, makes them self images, then repeats in different poems to form a symmetrical relationship meaningful to present his understanding of the same topic from multiple perspectives. Eventually, he intends to show the dilemma facing with ＂human＂ from symmetrical lyric subject to symmetrical poem topic. His poetic ideas is also realized in that way, and proceeds from romanticism to realism.