护士压疮预防行为与影响因素的调查研究

Investigation on pressure ulcer prevention behaviors and related factors of nurse

目的 调查护士压疮预防行为,探讨护士压疮预防行为的影响因素.方法 采用横断面调查方法,使用自行设计的压疮预防行为自评表对护士的压疮预防行为进行调查.结果 压疮预防行为平均得分为（43.97 ± 8.95）分,标准得分由高到低的维度为压疮风险评估（6.98 ± 1.69）分,失禁护理（6.66 ± 1.51）分,健康教育（9.61 ± 2.50）分,体位与体位变换（9.21 ± 2.19）分,减压装置使用（11.51 ± 3.20）分.压疮高危科室（Z=-2.379,P〈0.05）、职称（χ^2=11.601,P〈0.01）、是否学习过压疮知识（Z=2.474,P〈0.05）、最近一次学习时间（Z=-2.399,P〈0.05）、护理患者例数（χ^2=17.338, P〈0.01）不同,压疮预防行为得分有差异.多重线性回归分析显示,最近一次学习压疮知识时间是压疮预防行为的影响因素,可以解释预防行为15.5%的变异量.结论 护士压疮预防行为有待提高,最近一次学习压疮知识的时间会影响护士的预防行为,学习时间距目前越长,护士预防行为越差,应该加强护士压疮预防知识的学习频率.

Objective To investigate behaviors of nurses on pressure ulcer prevention,exploring the related factors of pressure ulcer prevention behaviors. Methods With cross-sectional survey,a self-made questionnaire of nurse′s pressure ulcer prevention behaviors was used to investigate nurses′behaviors. Results The overall score of behavior was（43.97±8.95）points,standard score from high to low were risk assessment （6.98 ± 1.69） points, incontinence care （6.66 ± 1.51） points, Health education （9.61 ± 2.50） points, position and reposition （9.21 ± 2.19） points, supporting surface （11.51 ± 3.20） points. Different department （Z=-2.379, P〈0.05）, job title （χ^2=11.601, P〈0.01）, past experiences of learning pressure ulcer knowledge（Z=2.474,P〈0.05）,latest learning time（Z=-2.399,P〈0.05）,caring number of pressure ulcer patients （χ^2=17.338, P〈0.01） had different scores. Multiple linear regression analysis of behavior indicated that recent education time from now was the influential factor, which can explain 15.5% of the variation in prevention behavior. Conclusions Nurses′ pressure ulcer prevention behaviors need to be improved, with nurse whose recent studying time was less than one year showing better preventive behavior. Nurse′s behaviors got worse when they didn′t get education for a long time, which indicated that the frequency of training should be enhanced.