中国扇艺:遗产文明史的儒学艺术观

Fan Art in China:A Confucian Aesthetic View on the Civilized History of Heritage

继《陶泥文明》之后,"麈扇文明"书写对象是中国汉唐至明清的封建文明,这种"遗产文明史"以儒家扇子艺术为线索,原于道而游于艺。汉代婕妤以扇子为题材的《怨歌行》继承了《诗经》"怨剌"传统;曹植《扇赋》则创造了诗赋中的扇子"兴象";魏晋麈扇是中国艺术也是中国个性意识觉醒的奇峰;明清扇艺以文人诗画的"观"为美学观念,诗文书画集中于扇子。清末民初的"状元扇"题诗则以"群"为宗旨。扇艺遵循孔子所说的"诗可以兴群怨",体现了孔子"志于道,据于德,依于仁,游于艺"的艺术学思想,艺术寓教于乐,为儒学的道德仁义思想体系服务。

Following the Clay Civilization,the writing object of ＂Zhu fan civilization＂is China feudal civilization from the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.This＂history of heritage civilization＂takes the art of Confucianism as a clue,originating from Dao and making recreation in art.Ban Jieyu in Han Dynasty composed To An Autumn Fan with a fan as the source material,inheriting the tradition of allegory from the Book of Song.Cao Zhi created the＂eulogimage＂out of the fan in poetry with his Ode to Fan.Zhu fan in Wei and Jin Dynasties is a summit for Chinese art and the awakening of personality of ancient China.Fan art in Ming and Qing dynasties takes＂guan＂of poetry and painting as an aesthetic concept,gathering poem,prose,painting and calligraphy on merely a fan.In late Qing and early Republican China,poems of＂Zhuang-yuan＂fan were themed on ＂group＂.Anyway,the fan art follows what Confucius says,＂poetry can be a resentment＂.It embodies Confucius＇ s artistic thought of＂pursuing Dao,depending on virtue,relying on humanity and playing with art＂.Art performs teaching with pleasure,and serves the Confucian thought system of morality and humanity.