三线建设中川渝地区国防企业发展与布局

Study on the Development and Layout of National Defense Industry in Sichuan-Chongqing Region during the Third-line Construction

20世纪60年代中期,为备战和调整工业布局,中央在西南、西北地区开展三线建设。重要的战略地位使川渝地区成为三线建设的重点区域,中央在川渝地区先后投资兴建了一大批兵器、航空、航天、电子、船舶、核等不同类型的国防企业。在"靠山、分散、隐蔽"的主观布局方针下,结合川渝地区独特的地形地貌与水源、交通、经济基础等客观条件,国防企业在布局上沿四川盆地边缘呈"大分散"格局,同时,在重庆及其周边地区呈"小集中"式分布。三线建设中建成的这批国防企业,不仅为今天川渝地区国防工业在全国的重要地位奠定了基础,且改变了中国国防工业偏集于沿海的基本格局。

The-third-line-construction,founded-in-the-mid-1960-s-and-led-by-the-Central-Committee-of-the-Communist-Party-in-China,was-a-large-scale-economic-construction-to-prepare-for-war-in-the-gradually-tense-international-situation.-Sichuan-Chongqing-Area-became-the-focus-of-third-line-construction-because-of-the-important-strategic-position.-The-Central-Committee-of-the-Communist-Party-has-invested-in-the-construction-of-the-weapons,aviation,aerospace,electronics,shipbuilding,nuclear-defense-industry-etc-in-Sichuan-Chongqing-Area.-The-distribution-of-national-defense-industry-in-SichuanChongqing-Area-is-＂Large-dispersion-＂and-＂small-combination-＂,which-means：-The-national-defense-industry-along-the-edge-of-the-Sichuan-Basin-has-the-distribution-shape-of-＂-Large-dispersion-＂;-thenational-defense-industry-around-Chongqing-and-its-surrounding-areas-has-the-distribution-shape-of-＂small-combination＂.-This-overall-appearance-not-only-carries-out-the-subjective-layout-policy-of-＂against-mountains,dispersion-and-concealment＂,but-also-takes-some-objective-elements-into-consideration,such-as-land-form,source-of-water,traffic-condition,and-economic-foundation.-The-defense-enterprises,which-were-built-in-the-third-line-construction,laid-the-foundation-of-the-national-defense-industry-of-Sichuan-Chongqing-Area-in-China,and-have-changed-the-basic-pattern-of-China＇s-national-defense-industry-which-were-concentrated-upon-the-coastal-area.