日语“人鱼句”意义与句法相关性研究

A Study on the Correlation between the Meaning and Syntax of Japanese "Mermaid Sentences"

"人鱼句"是一类前半部分为动词谓语句,后半部分为名词谓语句的特殊句式,可表达"所属""性质""状态""动作""相对时间""事件"和"传闻"七种意义,不同意义在句尾否定形式上表现出不同特点,其意义与句法之间存在相关性。表示所属、性质和状态的人鱼句具有「~ではない」的否定形式,与名词谓语句相同。表示动作的人鱼句具有「~はない」的否定形式,与动词谓语句存在关联。表示相对时间、事件和传闻的人鱼句不具备否定形式,这三种用法中的句末名词已获得助动词的特征。上述现象产生的原因在于1)句末名词虽然具备名词性,但名词性有所减弱;2)不同种类的句末名词在名词性强弱上有所不同。

＂Mermaid sentence＂ is a kind of special sentence pattern. The front part is a verb predicate sentence and the back part is a noun predicate sentence. Mermaid sentences can express meanings about kind,character,state,action,relative time,matter,and hearsay. Different meanings show different characteristics in the negative form at the end of the sentence and there is a correlation between the meaning and syntax. Sentences meaning kind,character,and state have the negative form of ＂~dehanai＂,which is the same as nominal predicate sentences. Sentences meaning action have the negative form of ＂~hanai＂,which is similar to verb predicate sentences. Sentences meaning relative time,matter,and hearsay have no negative form,which shows that the final nouns have a characteristic of auxiliary verbs. The reasons for the above phenomena are1）although the final noun has a noun property; the property is weak,and 2）different final nouns have different noun properties.