从使用前提看日语模糊限制语的回避责任功能

An Investigation of the Function of Evading Responsibility of Japanese Hedges by Analyzing the Prerequisites in Conversational Communication

"缓和话语态度(「発話態度の緩和」)"和"回避责任(「責任の回避」)"是日语模糊限制语的两大功能。在会话交际中,模糊限制语的功能与使用前提息息相关。本研究以小说和电视剧台词会话中的模糊限制语为研究对象,从会话交际中的"使用前提"入手,对日语模糊限制语的回避责任功能进行了分析和考察。经考察发现,当说话人对信息把握程度不大,确信度低,无法断言,但有必要对自己的话语承担责任时,以及当说话人对信息把握程度大,确信度高,可以断言,且有必要对自己的话语承担责任时,在会话中通过模糊限制语的使用,则并非将自己的主张或看法等弄得含糊不清,而是为了使之明确表达出来,即使以后事实与说话人的主张、判断等有偏差,也可在一定程度上回避或减轻责任。

The functions of Japanese hedges are concluded as relaxing utterance attitude as well as evading responsibility. In conversational communication, these functions are highly related to the prerequisites of usage. Taking the hedges from conversations in novels and Television dramas as the research subject, an investigation of evading responsibility, which is one typical function of Japanese hedges, is conducted through an analysis of the prerequisites of usage in the conversational communication. Finally, it is concluded that, the role of evading responsibility can be presented in the following two prerequisites. Prerequisite I： the speaker is not sure about the content, but he/she needs to take responsibility for his/her utterances. Prerequisite II：the speaker is sure and he/she needs to take responsibility for his/her utterances. Using Japanese hedges can help the speaker to evading responsibility to some extent when the outcmoing is different from what the speaker has stated.