论自然资源国家所有权权能

The State's Proprietary Right and Power to Natural Resources

权能是所有权制度的核心内容。相较于私人所有权,自然资源国家所有权的权能不仅在理论上争议极大,立法上亦不清晰。我国自然资源国家所有即全民所有的双重所有,不仅决定了自然资源国家所有权的公权力属性,而且决定了自然资源国家所有权权能的法定性、有限性和义务性;国家所有权在市场条件下的干预权属性,决定了自然资源国家所有权的权能必须针对自然资源的市场失灵进行设定,且仅应以解决市场失灵为限。由影响自然资源国家所有权权能的两大因素所决定,我国自然资源国家所有权的权能由资源产权的设定、分配与保护,资源开发利用的标准管制,资源税费的征收,资源保护与开发利用监管,生态修复与环境治理等内容构成。

Proprietary right and power is the core of the proprietary right system. Unlike private proprietary right, the state's proprietary right and power to natural resources is controversial in theoretical terms and is not clearly defined in legislature. The state's, or all citizens', ownership of natural resources determines its nature of public rights, the legality, the limitedness and obligation of such ownership. This ownership decides the state's right of interference in a market situation, meaning that the State's Proprietary Right and Power to natural resources should be designed targeting market malfunctioning. China's proprietary right and power to natural resources is composed by the designing of the ownership, distribution and protection of natural resources, the standards control for natural resource development, the imposition of natural resource taxes and fees, ecological compensation and environmental treatment.