云南黑山羊新品种和龙陵黄山羊高繁基因的研究

Study on candidate proliferative genes in new-breed Yunnan black goats and Longling goats

为了分析云南黑山羊新品种和龙陵黄山羊中骨形态发生蛋白受体IB（BMPR-IB）、骨形态发生蛋白15（BMP15）和生长分化因子9（GDF9）基因的多态性与产羔数的关系,采用PCR-SSCP与测序相结合的技术检测204个山羊样品的多态性,同时研究这3个基因对山羊繁殖力的影响。结果显示：龙陵黄山羊和云南黑山羊新品种中并未检测到FecB、FecX^I、FecX^H、FecX^L、FecX^G、FecX^B、FecG^H位点上的突变,碱基序列分析证实BMP15基因编码序列808位上C→G的突变,导致了氨基酸序列第270位由谷氨酰胺到谷氨酸的改变;云南黑山羊新品种和龙陵黄山羊在该位点都检测到了AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,基因频率分别为0.785/0.169/0.046和0.514/0.324/0.162,不同基因型的山羊产羔数最小二乘均值之间无显著差异（P〉0.05）,表明BMPR-IB、BMP15和GDF9基因中8个突变位点对云南黑山羊新品种和龙陵黄山羊产羔数并无显著影响。

This experiment was conducted to study the relationship between gene polymorphisms of BMPR-IB,BMP15 and GDF9 in newbreed Yunnan black goats and Longling goats and between litter sizes of the two breeds. The polymorphisms of three genes were detected by the single-strand conformation polymorphism（SSCP） and nucleotide sequencing methods in 204 goat samples. The results showed that the mutations of FecB,FecX^I,FecX^H,FecX^L,FecX^G（B2）,FecX^Band Fec G^Hwere not detected in Longling goats and new-breed Yunnan black goats. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed that one base substitution（C808 G） was found in the BMP15 gene,which caused an amino acid change（Q270 E）. Three genotypes（AA,AG and GG） were detected in the new-breed Yunnan black goats and Longling goats,and the genotype frequencies were 0. 785/0. 169/0. 04 and 0. 514/0. 324/0. 162. The difference of the least squares means for average litter size among different genotypes was not significant（P〉0. 05）. These results suggest that BMPR-IB,BMP15 and GDF9 were not the major genes affecting the litter size in new-breed Yunnan black goats and Longling goats,and help us to conclude that the mutations of the BMPRIB,BMP15 and GDF9 genes had no significant effect on the litter size of new breed Yunnan black goats and Longling goats.