竞争政策、企业全要素生产率与资源配置效应——基于异质性发电企业的检验

Competition Policy, Total Factor Productivity and Resource Allocation Effect——An Empirical Study based on Heterogeneous Power Generation Enterprise

将发电环节从纵向一体化结构中剥离后引入竞争是输配售电环节改革的基础,也是建立电力竞争性批发市场,形成供给侧和需求侧互动响应的前提。在竞争政策的作用下,中国发电行业已形成国有发电企业、民营及外资发电企业并存的格局。在对微观发电企业全要素生产率进行测算的基础上,构建实证模型对发电行业竞争性改革的效果进行检验,发现相比于产权改革,竞争引入后市场集中度的降低对发电行业效率的提升作用更为显著。进一步,通过核密度图以及BHC、GR分解方法对发电行业的资源配置效应进行分析,结果表明:发电行业的资源配置状况随时间不断优化,但较低的"进入效应"预示着非国有资本进入发电行业的"玻璃门"仍然存在。因此,现阶段应继续深化投资体制改革,加强发电市场竞争,并逐步推进输配售电环节改革。

Separating power generation industry from the vertical integration structure and introducing competition is the basis for electrical transmission and distribution reform,and also the premise for establishing a competitive wholesale electricity market and the interaction between the supply side and the demand side. China＇s power generation industry has formed a competitive pattern,with state-owned enterprises,private enterprises and foreign-funded enterprises coexisting. After calculating the TFP of the micro power generation enterprises,this paper analyzed the impact of competitive reform through empirical tests, and found that compared with the property reform,competition policy effectively enhanced the TFP of power generation industry. Furthermore,resource allocation of power generation industry was analyzed by kernel density map, BHC and GR decomposition methods. The results show that the resource allocation of power generation industry is optimized with time,but the entry effect is quite low in the resource allocation process,which indicates that the ＂glass door＂still exists when non-state-owned capital enters the power generation industry. Therefore,it is necessary to continue to deepen the structural reform of investment, strengthen the competition of power generation market,and gradually promote the reform of electricity supply and distribution sectors.