中国城镇地区的技术进步与行业工资差距——基于微观数据层面的测算和影响效应分析

Technological progress and inter-industry wage differentials in urban areas of China:measurement and effect analysis based on micro data

使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)数据,考察了城镇居民2007年、2008年和2013年行业工资差距的变动趋势和特征,并着重检验了2007年行业技术因素在行业工资差距中所起的作用。主要结论有两点:首先,通过测度微观层面行业工资差距,发现在控制了能表示个体特征、工作特征的变量后,行业工资差距依然存在,这与针对其他国家的研究结论是一致的。其次,行业技术水平对我国城镇地区劳动者的行业工资具有显著的正向影响,尤其是对国有制单位、城镇本地居民和小规模企业从业人员的效应更加明显,这说明行业的技术特征可以解释部分的行业工资差距。对政策的启示是关注微观层面的行业工资水平及其差距有助于更准确地认识和调节不同行业之间存在的工资溢价。

Using Chinese Household Income Project Survey（CHIP） dataset,the article explores the trends and characteristics of inter-industry wage differentials of urban residents in 2007,2008 and 2013. We also focus on the role of industrial technological factors in inter-industry wage differentials in 2007. There are two main conclusions. First,by measuring interindustry wage differentials at the micro data level,we find that inter-industry wage differentials still exist after we have controlled the variables represent individual characteristics and job characteristics,which is consistent with the findings of other countries. Second,the industrial technology level has a significant positive impact on the industrial wages of the urban workers,especially for the employees of state owned units,urban residents and employees of small-scale enterprises,which shows that the industrial technological characteristics can explain part of the inter-industry wage differentials. The policy inspiration is that the concern on levels and differentials of the industrial wages in micro level helps us better understand and adjust the existing wage premiums among different industries.