引力波爆发事件的电磁对应体的探测

Detection of electromagnetic counterpart for gravitational wave bursts

双黑洞并合产生的引力波信号由第二代地面激光干涉仪引力波探测器Advanced LIGO第一次直接探测到,开启了探索宇宙的一个崭新的窗口.伴随着Advanced LIGO科学运行期的继续运行,以及未来几年其他第二代探测器,例如Advanced Virgo,LIGO-India的陆续建设和投入使用,将有越来越多的引力波信号被探测到.最新的双中子星并合引力波事件的电磁对应体被探测到,极大地丰富了引力波天文学的科学内容,人类进入全新的多信使天文时代,例如:提高引力波源及其宿主星系空间位置精度估计,确定引力波源的红移、破除引力波模型中的简并参数,确定引力波事件前身天体的物理环境以及其产生的物理机制、测量宇宙学参数等等.由于引力波探测器的定位能力较差(Advanced LIGO~十至几百平方度),探测引力波事件电磁对应体对大视场高能观测设备提出了迫切需求.爱因斯坦探针具有大视场、高灵敏度、全天观测、快速指向能力和数据下传等方面的优势,特别是其大视场和高灵敏度,为引力波事件电磁对应体的探测提供了一个理想的观测平台.爱因斯坦探针的成功运行,将促进引力波天文学和引力波宇宙学的发展,并且使我国在引力波源的电磁波对应体研究方面处于国际领先的地位.

The direct detection of gravitational waves （GWs） was recently achieved by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory （LIGO） team, which opened a new era of gravitational wave astronomy. With the operation of Advanced LIGO to scientific operation period, and in the next few years the other second generation detectors, such as Advanced Virgo and LIGO-India continuing to be built and put into use, there will be more and more GW signals being detected. Recently, GW signals from NS-NS merger and its electromagnetic （EM） counterpart have also been detected. Because of the faint nature of GW signals, detecting an EM emission signal coincident with a GW signal in both trigger time and spatial direction is essential to confirm the astrophysical origin of the GW signals and study the astrophysical properties of the GW sources （e.g. host galaxy, distance）. Due to the poor localization ability of GW wave detectors （Advanced LIGO - 10-100 of square degrees）, the detection of EM counterpart for GW events with large field of view high energy observational equipment is an urgent demand. Einstein Probe （EP） has a large field of view, all day long observation ability, high sensitivity, fast slewing and pointing capability, fast data downloading and other advantages, provides an ideal facility for the detection of EM counterpart for GW events. The successful operation of the Einstein Probe will promote the development of gravitational wave astronomy and gravitational wave cosmology, and make China in the international leading position for the study of the EM counterpart for the GW source.