X染色体遗传标记在法医遗传学中的研究和应用

X chromosome genetic markers in forensic science

X染色体遗传标记在法医遗传学中占有不可或缺的位置,目前已有50余个X-STR基因座应用于法医学实践。X-STR基因座具有伴性遗传的特征,具有其它遗传标记不可比拟的优势,因此,在一些特殊亲缘关系鉴定案件和重大灾难事故中发挥着越来越重要的作用。X-STR遗传标记未来的发展方向,还是应以实际应用为主,在建立使用指导的基础上,尽快确定XSTR核心基因座,通过联合检验常染色体STR和X-STR基因座,在实际案例中高效、准确地做出判断,为案件侦查提供线索和证据。随着二代测序的兴起,可以考虑在二代测序平台上同时检测X-STR、常染色体STR、Y-STR,这样可1次获得大量遗传学数据,在保证高灵敏度的同时,又便于综合分析判断,特别适合一些疑难检材和降解检材。本文就X染色体遗传标记在法医学中的研究及应用进行综述。

The X chromosome genetic markers was important in forensic genetics. At present, more than 50 X-STRs were applied in forensic genetics. With their sex-linked genetic characteristics, they were applied in the complex paternity testing cases and disaster accidents. The X-STR genetic markers should focus on the actual application in future. Based on the establishment of guidelines for X-STR, core X-STR loci should be confirmed as soon as posible. By combining the autosomal STR and X-STR loci, more efficient and accurate judgments can be made in practical cases, which can provide clues and evidence for the case. X-STR, autosomal STR and Y-STR can be simultaneously detected in one system through the platform of second-generation sequencing.It can ensure the high sensitivity of the detection and make it easy to get comprehensive judgment.This platform was especially fit for the difficult sample and degradable sample.The paper reviewed the research and application of X chromosome genetic markers in forensic science.