不同施肥处理对海南三七生长和光合作用的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizer Treatments on Growth and Photosynthesis of Kaempferia rotunda

使用1种固体有机肥和3种水溶性复合肥作为肥料,研究8种施肥模式对盆栽海南三七小根茎和中大根茎植株生长、叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理的海南三七株高、株幅、主芽基茎、分蘖数、倒二叶面积及生物量都存在显著差异;植株生长综合表现最好的处理为T8(浇施500倍液10-20-30和20-20-20,及撒施100 g固体有机肥),其次是T7处理(浇施500倍液10-20-30和12-11-18,及撒施100 g固体有机肥)和T9(撒施100 g固体有机肥),综合表现最差的是T2(浇施500倍液20-20-20)、T3(浇施500倍液10-20-30)和T4(浇施500倍液12-11-18)处理。与对照相比,不同施肥处理的植株叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率都显著提高,其中T8处理的植株叶片净光合速率最高,而蒸腾速率和气孔导度则都下降。本研究为海南三七的盆栽施肥提供参考。

Kaempferia rotunda was treated with one solid fertilizer and three water soluble compound fertilizers to observe the effects of the fertilizer treatments on the growth, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomata conductance and water use efficiency of potted small and medium-large rhizomes of K. rotunda. Eight fertilizer treatments were arranged in the trial with one treatment without fertilizer as control. The results showed that the fertilizer treatments were significantly different in the plant height, leaf spread, main stem diameter, number of tiller buds, leaf area of the second leaf from top, and biomass. The treatment T8 （Watering with water-soluble compound fertilizers 10-20-30 and 20-20-20 diluted at a ratio of 1：500 and broadcasting solid organic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g） gave the best comprehensive performance of K. rotunda, followed by the treatments T7 （water-soluble compound fertilizers 10-20-30 and 12-11-18 diluted at 1：500, and solid organic fertilizer at a rate of 100 g） and T9 （solid organic fertilizer, 100 g）. The worst performance of K. rotunda was observed in the treatments T2 （ water-soluble compound fertilizer 20-20-20, diluted at a ratio of 1：500）, T3 （water-soluble compound fertilizer 10-20-30 diluted at a ratio of 1：500）, and T4 （water-soluble compound fertilizer 12-11-18 diluted at 1：500）. Compared with the control, all the treatments increased the leaf net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency significantly. K. rotunda treated with T8 had the highest net photosynthetic rate, but its transpiration rate and stomata conductance decreased. This study provides references for the fertilizer management of potted rhizomes K. rotunda.