日本刑事被害人权利保护制度及其启示

Protection System of the Rights of Criminal Victims in Japan and Its Enlightenments

日本刑事被害人权利保护制度起步较晚，但近年来发展迅速，目前已建立全面的刑事被害人权利保护法律制度和健全的工作机制。日本的刑事被害人权利保护刺度不仅包括经济救助制度，还包括咨询、信息通知、心理辅导等一般性措施，保护被害人隐私、减轻作证负担等方面的措施，赋予被害人刑事诉讼主体性地位的措施，生活帮扶措施，以及针对特殊犯罪被害人采取的专门措施等。日本的刑事被害人权利保护具有全方位、持续性、个别化、精细化等特征，可以为我国刑事被害人救助立法的模式、定位、原则、内容等提供有益借鉴。

Although Japan＇s protection system of the rights of criminal victims started late, it has developed rapidly in recent years. Now a comprehensive legal system and a sound working mechanism is in place. The system comprises not only the economic aid system, but also general measures such as counseling, information notification, psychological guidance, protecting their privacy and relieving their burden of testimony and giving them subjectivity in criminal procedures, as well as assistance measures in daily life. Besides, special measures are targeted for special victims. The protection of the rights of criminal victims in Japan is comprehensive, continuous, individualized and refined. It can provide a useful reference for China＇s legislation on criminal victim assistance concerning the model, positioning, principles and content.