对虐待被监管人罪之“监管机构”的重新审视——以应对国际追赃追逃与普遍定期审议的双重挑战为切入

A New Interpretation on ＂Institution of Confinement＇ of the Offense of Torture against Detainees --From challenges of both manhunting, recovery of ill-gotted gains and universal periodic review

在我国应对国际追赃追逃和联合国普遍定期审议的双重挑战中，虐待被监管人罪能否足以成为被监管人权利保障的可信机制之一从来都是核心议题。规范分析和案例研究表明，司法和行政机关对该罪“监管机构”的狭窄化解释和高达61％的免予处罚适用率导致该罪功能虚置。为有效发挥虐待被监管人罪的人权保障机能，应根据法律保留原则重审审视该罪的“监管机构”构成要件。一方面，统一采纳“监管机构”术语并不再使用“监管场所”概念．基于实质解释立场将其界定为任何基于公共权力机构安排限制或剥夺公民人身自由的地点。另一方面．制定“刑罚执行法”时以概括式定义方式清晰界定监管机构且专章规范刑罚执行的监管机构．同时进一步探索逐步制定统一的“监管机构法”。

Faced with the challenge of both hunting for those who have fled abroad, recovery of ill-gotten gains and Universal Periodic Review, it is always a core issue that whether the offense of torture against detainees could be a credible mechanism of protection on detainees＇ rights. Both the legislative and case study show that, the offense has been useless in the field of human rights protection because of the limited definition from the judicial and administrative branches and the high rate of 61% of exemption from punishment for criminals. Hence it is necessary to make a new interpretation on ＂institution of confinement＂ of the offense of torture against detainees according to the principle of reservation of law. Firstly, the concept of ＂places of detention＂ in criminal law should be abolished and the adoption of ＂institution of confinement＂ is recommended. And a legislative interpretation act should be made to define the ＂institution of confinement＂ as any place where persons are or may be to deprived of their liberty by virtue of the arrangement made by a public authority. Secondly, a unique ＂Code on Places of Detention＂ should be discussed in the course of amending ＂Regulation on Detention Center＂.