致事传家与燕私礼——叔■父器铭文所见西周制度

Retirement,Hereditary Official System and Entertaining Banquet Etiquette——the Western Zhou Institutions Seen from the Inscription of the Shu Quan Fu Bronzes

西周青铜器铭文是研究其时历史与制度的直接史料。本文通过对出土于河北元氏西张村的西周中期叔趱父卣、尊及臣谏簋铭文的考释，揭示了西周致事制度与燕私礼。铭文记述作为邢侯臣僚的叔越父早年送其子倏于邢候处学-3政务，其后叔越父老而致事，倏则继承父职辅弼邢侯。叔越父于国致事，于家则传家，故专为英子倏作彝器以昭示，且以相应的饮酒礼仪加以体现，使我们首次通过铭文了解了西周的致事制度与燕私之礼。周人制度之完备，礼旨之深刻，仪节之绵密，于铭可见一斑。

The bronze inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty are the primary historical textual materials for us to study the history and systems of that time. Through the examinations and interpretations to the inscriptions of the Shu Quan Fu You- wine-jar and zun-vessel, and Chen Jian Gui-tureen unearthed at Xizhang Village in Yuanshi County, Hebei, this paper revealed the zhishi （retirement） system and yansi （unofficial entertaining banquet etiquette） ceremony in the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to the inscriptions, as a subordinate official of the Marquis of Xing, Shu Quan Fu sent his son, whose name was Shu, to study political affairs from the Marquis of Xing in the early years; when Shu Quan Fu got aged, he made retirement and his son succeeded his post to assist the Marquis of Xing. For the state affairs, Shu Quan Fu made his retirement; for his family, he handed down his official position to his son, and specially cast bronze ritual vessels in memory of this event and fulfilled it through the corresponding banquet. The inscriptions let us understand the retirement system and entertaining banquet etiquette of the Western Zhou Dynasty for the first time. The completeness of the ritual system, the profoundness of the intentions of the rites and the carefulness and detailedness of the ceremonial procedures of the Zhou people, are all demonstrated somewhat by these inscriptions.