钢的渗铝工艺技术及性能研究进展

Research Progress of Steel Aluminizing Technology and Performance

钢材渗铝是通过化学和物理的方法将铝原子渗入钢材表面形成微合金层,改变钢材的表面化学成分和特性的热处理工艺。渗铝处理可以提高钢材耐氧化性能、耐腐蚀性能和硬度,作为一种简单有效的表面化学热处理工艺得到研究者的关注。简要介绍了当前常见的渗铝工艺,如热浸渗铝、热喷涂渗铝、粉末包埋渗铝、料浆渗铝,总结了常见渗铝工艺的特点与不足,随后介绍了研究人员开发出的新型渗铝工艺,如机械辅能助渗铝、电场辅助渗铝、流化床气相沉积渗铝和离子电镀渗铝。论述了渗铝钢的显微结构和渗层的生长机理,对渗铝后的渗铝钢具有耐氧化、耐腐蚀性能的机理进行了讨论说明。最后,对渗铝工艺的发展趋势进行了探讨和展望。

Steel aluminizing is a kind of heat treatment process which infiltrates aluminum atoms into steel surfaces in chemical and physical methods to form microalloy layer, and changes surface chemical composition and characteristics of steels. Oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and hardness of the steels could be improved by aluminizing treatment. As a simple and effective surface chemical heat treatment process, alumetizing has received attention of researchers. Current common aluminizing processes, such as hot dip aluminizing, thermal spraying aluminizing, pack cementation aluminizing and slurry aluminizing, were briefly introduced. Characteristics and disadvantages of the processes were summarized. Then, new aluminizing processes developed by the researchers, such as mechanical energy aided aluminizing, electric field aided aluminizing, chemical vapor deposition aluminizing in fluidized bed reactors and ion plating aluminizing, were introduced. Then microstructure of aluminized steels and growth mechanism of aluminized layer were discussed, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance mechanisms of the aluminized layer were explained, and finally development trend of the aluminizing process was discussed and prospected.