亲属间异体皮肤移植的免疫耐受机制

Immune tolerance mechanism of allograft skin transplantation in relatives

临床研究表明,大面积深度烧伤患者中,感染是主要的致死原因,烧伤早期创面切痂、皮肤移植覆盖可以显著降低感染的发生率。鉴于大面积深度烧伤患者自体皮源的相对不足,在临床治疗过程中,亲属间异体皮肤移植受到临床医师的重视,其应用也在进一步扩大。但是亲属间异体皮肤移植依然需要解决免疫耐受问题,才能使移植效果达到理想状态。现阶段已知的免疫耐受可能与异体真皮胶原、自体表皮细胞、未成熟树突状细胞、角质形成细胞等有关。本研究可用于指导临床应用,在自体皮源缺少的情况下,应用亲属间异体皮肤移植,覆盖创面,缩短病程、减少住院费用等。

Clinical studies have shown that infection is the main cause of death in patients with extensive deep burns,and the incidence of infection can be significantly reduced by excision of eschar and skin graft covering in the early stage of burns. In view of the relative insufficiency of the autologous skin source in patients with extensive deep burns,allograft skin graft has been received the attention of clinicians during clinical treatment,and its application is also being further expanded. However,it is still necessary to solve the problem of immune tolerance in the allograft skin transplant,so that the transplant effect can reach the ideal state. At present,the known immune tolerance may be related to the allodermal collagen,autologous epidermal cells,immature dendritic cells,keratinocytes and other factors. This study can be used to guide the clinical application,by using the allogeneic skin allograft in the condition of lack of autologous skin source to cover the wound,shorten the course of the disease and reduce hospitalization costs.