废旧弹药装药倒空方法的研究进展

Research review on the explosive charge removing method of the abandoned ammunition

随着弹药武器装备的更新换代,以及库存弹药超过储存年限,报废弹药销毁量越来越大,伴随出现的事故也越来越多,使得国内外对废旧弹药处理技术高效、安全、环保的要求也越来越高。基于废旧弹药的绿色回收利用技术,总结了废旧弹药装药倒空方法的国内外研究现状,分析了加热熔融、钻屑吸出、水射流冲洗、水力空化、低温冲洗、冷循环、超声振动及仿形钻削与干冰喷射复合8种倒药方法的优缺点,从高效、安全、环保和能否实现弹体与装药完全分离的角度,指出超声振动倒空法安全性好,倒空速度快,处理过程绿色无污染,可实现装药与壳体高效完全分离,具有广阔的发展前景,值得推广和深入研究;仿形钻削与干冰喷射复合倒空法集合了仿形钻削的高效率、无污染,能实现生产线的自动化控制,以及干冰喷射处理的炸药品种多、不存在“三废”等优点,是未来研究的主要方向之一。

The given article intends to present a research review on the explosive charge removing method of the abandoned ammunition. As is well known, with the fast development of the modern ammunition and armament, the arsenal inventory of modern ammunition tends to get out of date for their military mission and their storage life with each passing year. Besides, the burst and burnout accidents have been taking place from time to time. Therefore, more and more strict demands for the efficient and reliable storage and disposal of the overtime out-of-date ammunition and armaments have been proposed by the corresponding and related sides, which leads to the ever-strengthening research on the environmental technology. In the article, we would also like to summarize the progress of the domestic and international research advances in dealing with the out-of-date ammunition charging removal methods based on the green recycling technology for the out-of-date ammunitions. And, first of all, we have analyzed the merits and demerits of the different explosive-removing methods from the cartridge cases, including melting, drilling and suction, water jet washout, hydraulic cavitation, cryogenic washout, cryocycling, uhrasonic composite technologies, separation, copying drilling and dry ice blasting, etc. From the standpoint of efficiency, safety, environmental protection and full separation of cartridge from the charges, it is necessary to point it out that the ultrasonic vibration emptying method should be regarded as the safe, fast, green and environmentally pollution-free in the process so as to achieve successful separation of the charge from the shell, for which the method may enjoy broad and brilliant development prospects. At the same time, we would like to propose the copying drilling and dry-ice blasting composite emptying method, which is likely to be one of the chief directions in the future, for it enjoys more positive merits, including high efficiency, pollution-free, and automatie control of the ＇production line by imitating the aforementioned methods and treatments of the different explosires, with no waste gas, sewage and residue.